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isolated, regulated dc converter dcm ? in a via package dc-dc converter features & bene?ts ? isolated, regulated dc-to-dc converter ? up to 320 w, 11.43 a continuous ? 93.3% peak efficiency ? 211 w/in 3 power density ? wide input range 16 C 50 vdc ? safety extra low voltage (selv) 28.0 v nominal output ? zvs high frequency switching ? allows remote sense or local sense operation ? tight regulation over all line and load conditions ? fully operational current limit ? ov, oc, uv, short circuit and thermal protection ? available in chassis mount and through hole via package n 3.380 x 1.400 x 0.370 (85.93 mm x 35.5 mm x 9.40 mm) typical applications ? industrial ? process control ? heavy equipment ? defense / aeorspace product description the dcm in a via package is an isolated, regulated dc-to-dc converter, operating from an unregulated, wide range input to generate an isolated 28.0 vdc output. with its high frequency zero voltage switching (zvs) topology, the dcm converter consistently delivers high e?ciency across the input line range. the dcm provides tight output voltage regulation and o?ers a secondary-referenced control interface for trim, enable, and remote sense operation. dcm converters and downstream dc- dc products support e?cient power distribution, providing superior power system performance and connectivity from a variety of unregulated power sources to the point-of-load. the via package o?ers ?exible thermal management options with very low top and bottom side thermal impedances. product ratings v in = 16 v to 50 v p out = 320 w v out = 28.0 v (16.8 v to 30.8 v trim) i out = 11.43 a part ordering information product function package length package width package type max input voltage range ratio max output voltage max output power product grade (case temperature) option field dcm 34 14 x 50 m 31 c2 y z z dcm = dc-dc converter length in inches x 10 width in inches x 10 b = board via v = chassis via internal reference c = -20 to 100c [1] t = -40 to 100c [1] m = -55 to 100c [1][2] 01 = chassis/analog 05 = short pin/analog 09 = long pin/analog size: 3.380 x 1.400 x 0.370 in 85.93 x 35.5 x 9.40 mm [1] high temperature power derating may apply, see thermal speci?ed operating area, figure 1 on page 4. [2] m-grade available on selected models. consult vicorpower.com for details. dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 1 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474 c us ? s nrtl cu s
typical application +in +out vd de en tr -ense +sense -in out dcm tm in ? a?ackage c out-ext c f v in non-isolated point-of-load regulator load load typical application: single dcm3414x50m31c2yzz in local sense operation, to a non-isolated regulator, and direct to load dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 2 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
1 2 4 +in +out top view dcm in a via package - chassis mount 3 Cut Cn 5 vdde 6 en 7 tr 8 Cense 9 +sense 2 1 3 Cn Cut top view dcm in a via package - pcb mount 4 +out +in 9 +sense 8 Cense 7 tr 6 en 5 vdde pin con?guration pin descriptions pin number signal name type function 1 +in input power positive input power terminal 2 Cin input power return negative input power terminal 3 +out output power positive output power terminal 4 Cout output power return negative output power terminal 5 vdde power input external power supply for internal controller 6 en control input enables and disables dcm. needs vdde preapplied 7 tr control input enables and disables trim functionality. adjusts output voltage when trim active. 8 Csense control input negative sense pin, required for remote sense operation. in local sense operation, it can be tied directly to Cout to achieve better regulation accuracy. 9 +sense control input positive sense pin, required for remote sense operation. in local sense operation, it can be tied directly to +out to achieve better regulation accuracy. note: all control inputs (en, tr, Csense, +sense) are referenced to the secondary of the dcm and isolated from the primary. dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 3 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474 note: the dot on the via housing indicates the location of the control pin 9 (+sense pin).
absolute maximum ratings the absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. electrical specifications do not apply when operating beyond rated operating conditions. parameter comments min max unit input voltage (+in to Cin) c grade, t grade -0.5 65 v input voltage (+in to Cin)* m grade (continuous absolute maximum input voltage)** -0.5 52 v input voltage slew rate 1 v/s tr to Cout -0.3 3.5 v en to Cout -0.3 3.5 v vdde to Cout 0 12 v Csense to Cout 0 2.225 v +out to +sense 0 2.225 v +sense to Cout 0 36.4 v output voltage (+out to Cout) -0.5 39.2 v dielectric withstand (input to output) 1500 vdc internal operating temperature c grade -20 125 c t grade -40 125 c m grade -55 125 c storage temperature c grade -20 125 c t grade -40 125 c m grade -65 125 c average output current 11.4 a figure 2 electrical specified operating area figure 1 thermal specified operating area: max output power vs. case temp, single unit at minimum full load efficiency dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 4 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474 * lvmfm + 16 C 50 v input range products guarantees mil-std 461e/f & mil-std 1275 d/e. ** applicable only for 16 C 50 v input range products.
electrical speci?cations specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature t int = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit power input speci?cation input voltage range v in continuous operation 16 28 50 v inrush current (peak) i inrp with maximum c out-ext , full resistive load 30.0 a input capacitance (internal) c in-int effective value at nominal input voltage 29.7 f input capacitance (internal) esr r cin-int at 1 mhz 0.73 m input inductance (external) l in differential mode, with no further line bypassing 1 h no load speci?cation input power C disabled p q nominal line, see fig. 3 0.4 0.6 w worst case line, see fig. 3 0.7 w input power C enabled with no load p nl nominal line, see fig. 4 6.0 8.4 w worst case line, see fig. 4 8.5 w power output speci?cation output voltage set point v out-nom 27.86 28.0 28.14 v rated output voltage trim range v out-trimming trim range over temp. speci?es the low, nominal and high trim conditions. 16.8 28.0 30.8 v v out accuracy %v out- accuracy total output voltage setpoint accuracy for all line conditions and for all load conditions above 10% of rated load, with trim inactive and sense pins connected (either at the load for remote sense, or at the dcm output for local sense) 0.5 % v out accuracy with sense pins ?oating %v out- accuracy-sf total output voltage setpoint accuracy for all line conditions and for all load conditions above 10% of rated load, with trim inactive and sense pins ?oating (local sense only) 1.0 % v out accuracy with trim active %v out- accuracy-trim total output voltage setpoint accuracy for all line conditions and for all load conditions above 10% of rated load, with trim active 2.0 % v out accuracy light load %v out- accuracy-ll total output voltage setpoint accuracy for all line and trim conditions, for load conditions below or equal to 10% of rated load 5.0 % rated output power p out continuous, v out 28.0 v 320 w rated output current i out continuous, v out 28.0 v 11.43 a output current limit i out-lm of rated i out max. fully operational current limit, for nominal trim and below 100 120 135 % current limit delay t iout-lim the module will power limit in a fast transient event 1 ms ef?ciency full load, nominal line, nominal trim 91.3 93.3 % full load, over line and temperature, nominal trim 87.8 % 50% load, over rated line, temperature and trim 86.5 % output voltage ripple v out-pp over all operating steady-state line, load and trim conditions, 20 mhz bw, with minimum c out-ext 210 mv output capacitance (internal) c out-int effective value at nominal output voltage 73 f output capacitance (internal) esr r cout-int at 1 mhz 0.07 m dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 5 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
electrical speci?cations (cont.) specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature t int = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit power output speci?cations (cont.) output capacitance (external) c out-ext excludes component temperature coef?cient. for load transients that remain > 5% rated load 1000 10000 f output capacitance (external) c out-ext- transient excludes component temperature coef?cient. for load transients down to 0% rated load 8000 10000 f output capacitance, esr (ext.) r cout-ext at 10 khz, excludes component tolerances 10 m initialization delay t init see state diagram 25 40 ms output turn-on delay t on from rising edge en, with vdde pre-applied. see timing diagram 200 s output turn-off delay t off from falling edge en. see timing diagram 600 s soft start ramp time t ss full load (soft-start ramp time) with minimum c out-ext 300 ms v out threshold for max rated load current v out-fl-thresh during startup, v out must achieve this threshold before output can support full rated current 14.0 v i out at startup i out-start max load current at startup while v out is below v out-fl-thresh 3.08 a monotonic soft-start threshold voltage v out-monotonic output voltage rise becomes monotonic with 1% of preload once it crosses v out-monotonic 14.4 v minimum required disabled duration t off-min this refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in the disabled state before it will attempt to start via en 2 ms minimum required disabled duration for predictable restart t off-monotonic this refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in the disabled state before it is guaranteed to exhibit monotonic soft-start and have predictable startup timing 100 ms voltage deviation (transient) %v out-trans minimum c out_ext (10 ? 90% load step) <10 % settling time t settle 2.0 ms powertrain protections input voltage initialization threshold v in-init threshold to start t init delay 75.0 v input voltage reset threshold v in-reset latching faults will clear once v in falls below v in-reset 50.0 v input undervoltage lockout threshold v in-uvlo- 12.0 14.5 v input undervoltage recovery threshold v in-uvlo+ see timing diagram 16.0 v input overvoltage lockout threshold* v in-ovlo+ 60.0 v input overvoltage recovery threshold* v in-ovlo- see timing diagram 50.0 v output overvoltage threshold v out-ovp latched shutdown 35.5 v minimum current limited v out v out-uvp over all operating steady-state line and trim conditions 14.0 v overtemperature threshold (internal) t int-otp 130.0 c power limit p lim 750.0 w v in overvoltage to cessation of powertrain switching t ovlo-sw independent of fault logic 1.5 s v in overvoltage response time t ovlo for fault logic only 200 s v in undervoltage response time t uvlo 100 ms short circuit response time t sc powertrain on, operational state 200 s short circuit, or temperature fault recovery time t fault see timing diagram 1 s dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 6 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474 * input ovlo protection speci?cations do not apply for 16 C 50 v input range m grade products.
signal speci?cations specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature t int = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. please note: for chassis mount models, vicor part number 42550 will be needed for applications requiring the use of signal pins (enable, trim and sense functions). [2] enable: en ? the en pin enables and disables the dcm; when held low the unit will be disabled. ? the en pin is activated only if vdde is preapplied before v in is applied. otherwise, en is inactive and will be ignored until v in is removed and reapplied. additonally, if vdde is removed at any time, en will return to inactive mode. ? the en pin is referred to the Cout of the converter and isolated from the primary side signal type state attribute symbol conditions / notes min nom max unit digital input any en enable threshold v enable-en 2.31 v en disable threshold v enable-dis needs vdde preapplied 0.99 v internally generated v cc v cc 3.23 3.30 3.37 v en internal pull up resistance to v cc r enable-int 0.990 1.000 1.010 k trim: tr ? the tr pin enables and disables trim functionality when v in is initially applied to the dcm converter. when vin ?rst crosses v in-uvlo+ , the voltage on tr determines whether or not trim is active. ? if tr is not ?oating at power up and has a voltage less than tr trim enable threshold, trim is active. ? if trim is active, the tr pin provides dynamic trim control with at least 250 hz of -3db control bandwidth over the output voltage of the dcm converter. ? the tr pin has an internal pull-up to v cc and is referenced to the Cout pin of the converter. ?v trim-range represents the trim pin functional limits only. module performance is guaranteed within rated output voltage trim range v out-trimming , see electrical speci?cation on page 5. signal type state attribute symbol conditions / notes min nom max unit digital input startup tr trim disable threshold v trim-dis trim disabled when tr above this threshold at power up 3.20 v tr trim enable threshold v trim-en trim enabled when tr below this threshold at power up 3.10 v analog input operational with trim enabled internally generated v cc v cc 3.23 3.30 3.37 v tr pin functional range v trim-range functional limits only 0.00 2.37 3.10 v v out referred tr pin resolution v out-res with v cc = 3.3 v 20.51 mv tr internal pull up resistance to v cc r trim-int 0.999 1.000 1.001 k dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 7 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474 [2] signal cable 42550 is rated for up to 5 insertions and extractions. to avoid unnecessary stress on the connector, the cable should be tied to the chassis. vdde ? vdde powers the internal controller. ? vdde needs to be preapplied before v in in order to activate en functionalities. ? if not preapplied, vdde is derived from v out ; however, in this case, the enable function is not activated (the unit is always enabled and can be disabled only by removing v in .) ? if vdde is removed during operation, the unit will return in"always enabled" mode, ignoring the en pin until vdde is reapplied and v in is cycled. signal type state attribute symbol conditions / notes min nom max unit power input any power input for internal controller vdde 4 5 10 v vdde current consumption i vdde 35 50 ma
signal speci?cations (cont.) specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature t int = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. please note: for chassis mount models, vicor part number 42550 will be needed for applications requiring the use of signal pins (enable, trim and sense functions). +sense, Csense ? provide remote sense capability. ? if ?oating, the dcm automatically implements local sense operation. to achieve maximum regulation accuracy in local sense, the sense pins should be connected directly to their respective out pins. if sense pins are ?oating, the regulation accuracy degrades (see v out accuracy with sense pins ?oating on page 5). ? module performance is guaranteed for v out_to_load within rated limits speci?ed below. for v out_to_load higher than the speci?ed limits, regulation accuracy is not guaranteed. also, high v out_to_load might trigger ovp (for above nominal trim conditions), and might cause load voltage runaway (which might trigger uvp). attribute symbol conditions / notes min nom max unit remote sense rated voltage drop v out_to_load rated voltage drop between dcm package output and sense point at the load, in remote sense operation. module performance is guaranteed for v out_to_load below this threshold. 280 mv +se nse -se nse l o a d dcm tm in ? a?ackage c out-ext r line l line + - v load r line l line + - v out dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 8 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
v out-nom v out v in-uvlo+/- i out full load v out-uvp v in-ovlo+/- v in tr i load input output en 1 input power on - trim inactive 3 tr ignored 4 en low 5 en high 6 input ovlo 7 input uvlo 2 ramp to full load t init t on t ss t off t off t ss t ss t off t off 8 input returned to zero v tr-dis t min_off t ss t on v in-init timing diagrams module inputs are shown in blue; module outputs are shown in brown. timing diagrams assume vdde pre-applied. without vdde pre-applied, en is ignored, en and trim will go high after v out . all other behaviors (ovlo, uvlo, ovp, etc.) will remain the same. dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 9 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
v out-nom v out v in-uvlo+/- i out full load v out-uvp v in-ovlo+/- v in tr i load input output en v tr = nom v tr-en v out-ovp 9 input power on - trim active 11 load dump and reverse current 12 vout ovp (primary sensed) 14 current limit with resistive load 15 resistive load with decreasing r 10 vout based on v tr t init t on t ss t off t init t on t ss t init t on t ss 13 latched fault cleared t iout-lim 16 overload induced output uvp t fault r load v in-init timing diagrams (cont.) module inputs are shown in blue; module outputs are shown in brown. timing diagrams assume vdde pre-applied. without vdde pre-applied, en is ignored, en and trim will go high after v out . all other behaviors (ovlo, uvlo, ovp, etc.) will remain the same. dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 10 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474

figure 7 full load efficiency vs. v in , at low trim

figure 8 full load efficiency vs. v in , at nominal trim

figure 4 no load power dissipation vs. v in , at nominal trim

figure 3 disabled power dissipation vs. v in typical performance characteristics the following figures present typical performance at t c = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. see associated figures for general trend data. figure 6 10% to 100% load transient response, v in = 28 v, nominal trim, c out_ext = 1000 f figure 5 100% to 10% load transient response, v in = 28 v, nominal trim, c out_ext = 1000 f dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 11 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474

figure 12 efficiency (top three curves) and power dissipation (bottom three curves) vs.load at t case = 80c, nominal trim

figure 9 full load efficiency vs. v in , at high trim

figure 11 efficiency (top three curves) and power dissipation (bottom three curves) vs.load at t case = 25c, nominal trim

figure 10 efficiency (top three curves) and power dissipation (bottom three curves) vs.load at t case = -40c, nominal trim typical performance characteristics (cont.) the following figures present typical performance at t c = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. see associated figures for general trend data.

figure 13 nominal powertrain switching frequency vs. load, at nominal trim figure 14 effective internal input capacitance vs. applied voltage dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 12 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474

figure 16 nominal powertrain switching frequency vs. load, at nominal v in typical performance characteristics (cont.) the following figures present typical performance at t c = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. see associated figures for general trend data. figure 17 output voltage ripple, v in = 28 v, v out = 28.0 v, c out_ext = 1000 f, r load = 2.450 figure 15 startup from en, v in = 28 v, c out_ext = 10000 f, r load = 2.450 dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 13 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
general characteristics specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature t int = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit mechanical [3] length l 85.68/[3.37] 85.93/[3.38] 86.18/[3.39] mm/[in] width w 35.29/[1.39] 35.54/[1.4] 35.79/[1.41] mm/[in] height h 9.02/[0.355] 9.4/[0.37] 9.78/[0.385] mm/[in] volume vol no heat sink 24.56/[1.52] cm 3 /[in 3 ] weight w 101.0/[3.56] g/[oz] pin material c145 copper underplate low stress ductile nickel 50 100 in pin finish (gold) palladium 0.8 6 in soft gold 0.12 2 pin finish (tin) whisker resistant matte tin 200 400 in thermal operating internal temperature [5] t int c-grade -20 125 c t-grade -40 125 c m-grade -55 125 c thermal resistance top side int_top estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal top housing 1.82 c/w thermal resistance housing hou estimated thermal resistance from top housing to bottom housing 0.95 c/w thermal resistance bottom side int_bot estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal bottom housing 2.71 c/w thermal capacity 35.0 ws/c assembly storage temperature t st c-grade -20 125 c t-grade -40 125 c m-grade -65 125 c esd rating hbm method per human body model test esda/jedec jds-001-2012 class 1c v cdm charged device model jesd22-c101e class 2 soldering [4] peak temperature top case for further information, please contact factory applications 130 c [3] product appearance may change over time depending upon environmental exposure. this change has no impact on product performance. [4] product is not intended for re?ow solder attach. [5] temeperature refers to the internal operation of the dcm via. for maximum case temperature, please refer to ?gure 1. dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 14 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
general characteristics (cont.) specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature t int = 25oc, unless otherwise noted. boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit safety dielectric withstand test v hipot in to out 1500 vdc in to case 1500 vdc out to case 707 vdc reliability mtbf mil-hdbk-217plus parts count - 25c ground benign, stationary, indoors / compute 1.59 mhrs telcordia issue 2 - method i case iii; 25c ground benign, controlled 2.20 mhrs agency approvals agency approvals/standards en 60950-1 ul 60950-1 ce marked for low voltage directive and rohs recast directive, as applicable curus, ctvus, dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 15 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
pin functions +in, -in input power pins. +out, -out output power pins. Cout also serves as reference for the secondary- referenced control pins. en (enable) this pin enables and disables the dcm converter; when held low the unit will be disabled. it is referenced to the -out pin of the converter. en is active only if vdde is preapplied before v in is applied. otherwise, en is inactive and will be ignored until v in is removed and reapplied. n output enable: when en is allowed to pull up above the enable threshold, the module will be enabled. if leaving en floating, it is pulled up to v cc and the module will be enabled. n output disable: en may be pulled down externally in order to disable the module. n en is an input only, it does not pull low in the event of a fault. tr (trim) the tr pin is used to select the trim mode and to trim the output voltage of the dcm converter. the tr pin has an internal pull-up to v cc . the dcm package will latch trim behavior at application of v in (once v in exceeds v in-uvlo+ ), and persist in that same behavior until loss of input voltage. n at application of v in , if tr is sampled at above v trim-dis , the module will latch in a non-trim mode, and will ignore the tr input for as long as v in is present. n at application of v in , if tr is sampled at below v trim-en , the tr will serve as an input to control the real time output voltage. it will persist in this behavior until v in is no longer present. if trim is active when the dcm is operating, the tr pin provides dynamic trim control at a typical 250 hz of -3db bandwidth over the output voltage. tr also decreases the current limit threshold when trimming above v out-nom . +sense, Csense these pins are remote sense pins, which allow the users to sense the voltage at the point of load so that the dcm can use the load voltage to regulate its output voltage accordingly. if +sense and Csense are floating, local sense is implemented automatically. however, when sense pins are floating, the regulation accuracy deteriorates (see "v out accuracy with sense pin floating" on page 5). to achieve maximum regulation accuracy, the sense pins should be used also for local sense operation, by connecting them directly to their respective out pins (+sense to +out and -sense to -out). please note: for chassis mount models, vicor part number 42550 will be needed for applications requiring the use of signal pins (enable, trim and sense functions). design guidelines building blocks and system design the dcm converter input accepts the full 16 to 50 v range, and it generates an isolated trimmable 28.0 vdc output. the dcm converter provides a tightly regulated output voltage. with trim inactive (tr pin floating), regulation accuracy is within 0.5% of the setpoint for all line conditions and for any load above 10% of the rated load. with trim active, regulation accuracy is within 2.0% for all line conditions and for any load condition above 10% of the rated load. the dcm3414x50m31c2yzz is designed to be used in applications where the output power requirements are up to 320 w. soft start when the dcm starts, it will go through a soft start. the soft start routine ramps the output voltage by modulating the internal error amplifier reference. this causes the output voltage to approximate a piecewise linear ramp. the output ramp finishes when the voltage reaches either the nominal output voltage, or the trimmed output voltage in cases where trim mode is active. during soft-start, the maximum load current capability is reduced. until vout achieves at least v out-fl-thresh , the output current must be less than i out-start in order to guarantee startup. note that this is current available to the load, above that which is required to charge the output capacitor. trim mode and output trim control when the input voltage is initially applied to a dcm, and after t init elapses, the trim pin voltage v tr is sampled. the tr pin has an internal pull up resistor to v cc , so unless external circuitry pulls the pin voltage lower, it will pull up to v cc . if the initially sampled trim pin voltage is higher than v trim-dis , then the dcm will disable trimming as long as the v in remains applied. in this case, for all subsequent operation the output voltage will be programmed to the nominal. this minimizes the support components required for applications that only require the nominal rated v out , and also provides the best output setpoint accuracy, as there are no additional errors from external trim components. if at initial application of v in , the tr pin voltage is prevented from exceeding v trim-en , then the dcm will activate trim mode, and it will remain active for as long as v in is applied. v out set point can be calculated using the equation below: v out-trimming = 15.400 + (17.528 ? v tr /v cc ) (1) note that the trim mode is not changed when a dcm recovers from any fault condition or being disabled. module performance is guaranteed through output voltage trim range v out-trimming . if v out is trimmed above this range, then certain combinations of line and load transient conditions may trigger the output ovp. output current limit the dcm features a fully operational current limit which effectively keeps the module operating inside the safe operating area (soa) for all valid trim and load profiles. the current limit approximates a brick wall limit, where the output current is dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 16 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
prevented from exceeding the current limit threshold by reducing the output voltage via the internal error amplifier reference. the current limit threshold at nominal trim and below is typically 120% of rated output current, but it can vary between 100% to 135%. in order to preserve the soa, when the converter is trimmed above the nominal output voltage, the current limit threshold is automatically reduced to limit the available output power. when the output current exceeds the current limit threshold, current limit action is held off by 1ms, which permits the dcm to momentarily deliver higher peak output currents to the load. peak output power during this time is still constrained by the internal power limit of the module. the fast power limit and relatively slow current limit work together to keep the module inside the soa. delaying entry into current limit also permits the dcm to minimize droop voltage for load steps. sustained operation in current limit is permitted, and no derating of output power is required. current limit can reduce the output voltage to as little as the uvp threshold (v out-uvp ). below this minimum output voltage compliance level, further loading will cause the module to shut down due to the output undervoltage fault protection. line impedance, input slew rate and input stability requirements connect a high-quality, low-noise power supply to the +in and Cin terminals. additional capacitance may have to be added between +in and Cin to make up for impedances in the interconnect cables as well as deficiencies in the source. excessive source impedance can bring about system stability issues for a regulated dc-dc converter, and must either be avoided or compensated. a 1000 f input capacitor is the minimum recommended in case the source impedance is insufficient to satisfy stability requirements. additional information can be found in the filter design application note: www.vicorpower.com/documents/application_notes/vichip_appnote23.pdf please refer to this input filter design tool to ensure input stability: http://app2.vicorpower.com/filterdesign/intifilter.do . ensure that the input voltage slew rate is less than 1v/us, otherwise a pre-charge circuit is required for the dcm input to control the input voltage slew rate and prevent overstress to input stage components. input fuse selection the dcm is not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. input line fusing is recommended at the system level, in order to provide thermal protection in case of catastrophic failure. the fuse shall be selected by closely matching system requirements with the following characteristics: n current rating (usually greater than the dcm converters maximum current) n maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum possible input voltage) n ambient temperature n breaking capacity per application requirements n nominal melting i 2 t n recommended fuse: see agency approvals for recommended fuse http://www.vicorpower.com fault handling input undervoltage fault protection (uvlo) the converters input voltage is monitored to detect an input under voltage condition. if the converter is not already running, then it will ignore enable commands until the input voltage is greater than v in-uvlo+ . if the converter is running and the input voltage falls below v in-uvlo- , the converter recognizes a fault condition, the powertrain stops switching, and the output voltage of the unit falls. input voltage transients which fall below uvlo for less than t uvlo may not be detected by the fault protection logic, in which case the converter will continue regular operation. no protection is required in this case. once the uvlo fault is detected by the fault protection logic, the converter shuts down and waits for the input voltage to rise above v in-uvlo+ . provided the converter is still enabled, it will then restart. input overvoltage fault protection (ovlo) the converters input voltage is monitored to detect an input over voltage condition. when the input voltage is more than the v in-ovlo+ , a fault is detected, the powertrain stops switching, and the output voltage of the converter falls. after an ovlo fault occurs, the converter will wait for the input voltage to fall below v in-ovlo- . provided the converter is still enabled, the powertrain will restart. the powertrain controller itself also monitors the input voltage. transient ovlo events which have not yet been detected by the fault sequence logic may first be detected by the controller if the input slew rate is sufficiently large. in this case, powertrain switching will immediately stop. if the input voltage falls back in range before the fault sequence logic detects the out of range condition, the powertrain will resume switching and the fault logic will not interrupt operation. regardless of whether the powertrain is running at the time or not, if the input voltage does not recover from ovlo before t ovlo , the converter fault logic will detect the fault. output undervoltage fault protection (uvp) the converter determines that an output overload or short circuit condition exists by measuring its output voltage and the output of the internal error amplifier. in general, whenever the powertrain is switching and the output voltage falls below v out-uvp threshold, a short circuit fault will be registered. once an output undervoltage condition is detected, the powertrain immediately stops switching, and the output voltage of the converter falls. the converter remains disabled for a time t fault . once recovered and provided the converter is still enabled, the powertrain will again enter the soft start sequence after t init and t on . temperature fault protections (otp) the fault logic monitors the internal temperature of the converter. if the measured temperature exceeds t int-otp , a temperature fault is registered. as with the under voltage fault protection, once a temperature fault is registered, the powertrain immediately stops switching, the output voltage of the converter falls, and the converter remains disabled for at least time t fault . then, the converter waits for the internal temperature to return to below t int-otp before recovering. provided the converter is still enabled, the dcm will restart after t init and t on . dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 17 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
output overvoltage fault protection (ovp) the converter monitors the output voltage during each switching cycle. if the output voltage exceeds v out-ovp , the ovp fault protection is triggered. the control logic disables the powertrain, and the output voltage of the converter falls. this type of fault is latched, and the converter will not start again until the latch is cleared. clearing the fault latch is achieved by either disabling the converter via the en pin, or else by removing the input power such that the input voltage falls below v in-init . external output capacitance the dcm converter internal compensation requires a minimum external output capacitor. an external capacitor in the range of 1000 to 10000 f with esr of 10 m is required for control loop compensation purposes. however some dcm models require an increase to the minimum external output capacitor value in certain loading condition. in applications where the load can go below 5% of rated load, the range of output capacitor required is given by c out-ext-transient in the electrical specifications table. thermal considerations the via package provides e?ective conduction cooling from either of the two module surfaces. heat may be removed from the top surface, the bottom surface or both. the extent to which these two surfaces are cooled is a key component for determining the maximum power that can be processed by a dcm in a via package, as can be seen from speci?ed thermal operating area on page 4. since the via package has a maximum internal temperature rating, it is necessary to estimate this internal temperature based on a system-level thermal solution. to this purpose, it is helpful to simplify the thermal solution into a roughly equivalent circuit where power dissipation is modeled as a current source, isothermal surface temperatures are represented as voltage sources and the thermal resistances are represented as resistors. figure 18 shows the thermal circuit for the via package. in this case, the internal power dissipation is p diss , int_top and int_bot are thermal resistance characteristics of the via package and the top and bottom surface temperatures are represented as t c_top , and t c_bot . it is interesting to notice that the package itself provides a high degree of thermal coupling between the top and bottom case surfaces (represented in the model by the resistor hou ). this feature enables two main options regarding thermal designs: n single side cooling: the model of figure 18 can be simpli?ed by calculating the parallel resistor network and using one simple thermal resistance number and the internal power dissipation curves; an example for bottom side cooling only is shown in figure 19. in this case, r jc can be derived as following: n double side cooling: while this option might bring limited advantage to the module internal components (given the surface-to-surface coupling provided), it might be appealing in cases where the external thermal system requires allocating power to two di?erent elements, like for example heatsinks with independent air?ows or a combination of chassis/air cooling. grounding considerations the chassis of the via package is required to be connected to protective earth when installed in the end application and must satisfy the requirements of iec 60950-1 for class i products. both sides of the housing are required to be connected to protective earth to satisfy safety and emi requirements. protective earthing can be accomplished through dedicated wiring harness (example: ring terminal clamped by mounting screw) or surface contact (example: pressure contact on bare conductive chassis or pcb copper layer with no solder mask). p diss + C t c_top C t c_bot int_top int_bot hou s s + figure 18 C .4#+&02*%&%0$..+*-(0u03)&1,"+0,.%&+ p diss + C t c_bot int s s figure 19 C *-(+&52*%&%0$..+*-(0u03)&1,"+0,.%&+ ( int_top + hou ) ? int_bot int = int_top + hou + int_bot dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcl ? gk&[&uhb&o[ah[ec rev 1.6
dcm in a via package module mechanical drawing - pcb mount type 127(6 5r+6&203/,$173(5&67/$7(675(9,6,21 6((352'8&7'$7$6+((7)253,1'(6,*1$7,216 6((6+((7)255(&200(1'('+2/(3$77(51&20321(176,'( bottom side 1 2 3 4 10 12 11 13 top view (component side) 5 6 7 8 9 2 1 11 10 13 12 4 3 see detail 'a' recommened hole pattern detail a scale 8 : 1 9 8 7 6 5 d
eff dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 19 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
dcm in a via package module mechanical drawing - chassis mount type 1.171 29.750 .11 2.90 dim 'a' dim 'b' .15 3.86 thru typ input insert (41816) to be removed prior to use output insert (41817) to be removed prior to use 5(' 86(7<&2/8*25 (48,9)25,1387&211(&7,21 $//352'8&76 86(7<&2/8*25 (48,9)25287387&211(&7,21 352'8&76$1' 86(7<&2/8*25 (48,9)25287387&211(&7,21 352'8&76$1' 1 2 3 4 dim 'c' 23.98 609.14 .37?015 9.40?381 1.40 35.54 127(6 5r+6&203/,$173(5&67/$7(675(9,6,21 6((352'8&7'$7$6+((7)253,1'(6,*1$7,216 product dim 'a' dim 'b' dim 'c' 2214 (0 stage) 2223 1.02 [25.96] na 2.25 [57.12] 2814 (0 stage) 3623 1.02 [25.96] .788 [20.005] 2.80 [71.00] 2814 (1 stage) 2223 1.61 [40.93] na 2.84 [72.05] 3414 (1 stage) 3623 1.61 [40.93] .788 [20.005] 3.38 [85.93] 3714 (1 stage) 4623 1.61 [40.93] 1.150 [29.200] 3.75 [95.13] 3814 (0 stage) 2361 1.02 [25.96] 1.277 [32.430] 3.76 [95.59] 3814 (0 stage) 2361 nbm 1.02 [25.96] 1.277 [32.430] 3.76 [95.59] 4414 (1 stage) 2361 1.61 [40.93] 1.277 [32.430] 4.35 [110.55] 4414 (1 stage) 6123 1.61 [40.93] 1.757 [44.625] 4.35 [110.55] 4414 (1 stage) 6123 uhv 1.65 [41.93] 1.718 [43.625] 4.35 [110.55] 4414 (1 stage) 6123 3kv 1.61 [40.93] 1.658 [42.110] 4.35 [110.55] 4914 (2 stage) 2361 2.17 [55.12] 1.277 [32.430] 4.91 [124.75] 4914 (2 stage) 6123 2.17 [55.12] 1.757 [44.625] 4.91 [124.75] 5614 (1 stage) 9223 1.61 [40.93] 2.970 [75.445] 5.57 [141.37] 6114 (2 stage) 9223 2.17 [55.12] 2.970 [75.445] 6.13 [155.57] )rufkdvvlvprxqwprghov 9lfrusduwqxpehuzlooehqhhghgiru dssolfdwlrqvuhtxlulqjwkhxvhrivljqdoslqv d
eff dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 20 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
revision history revision date description page number(s) 1.0 01/11/16 intital release n/a 1.1 02/16/16 updated pin configuration and pin descriptions 3 1.2 03/31/16 updated thermal capacitance value 14 1.3 05/31/16 updated figure 1 4 updated timing diagram notes page 9 & 10 updated thermal capacity spec 14 1.4 08/23/16 updated value of r load in the figure 17 description 13 1.5 05/02/17 updated efficiency values 5 updated input overvoltage lockout/recovery threshold (powertrain protections) 6 values to match the ovlo operating points of the product updated height specifications, added pin description 14 1.6 07/13/17 updated typical application bullets 1 updated product photos 1 moved remote sense rated voltage drop value to maximum column 8 updated mechanical drawings (including new hex-head screws) 20 & 21 d
eff dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 21 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474
vicors comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density ac-dc and dc-dc modules and accessory components, fully configurable ac-dc and dc-dc power supplies, and complete custom power systems. information furnished by vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by vicor for its use. vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. information published by vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. testing and other quality controls are used to the extent vicor deems necessary to support vicors product warranty. except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. specifications are subject to change without notice. vicors standard terms and conditions all sales are subject to vicors standard terms and conditions of sale, which are available on vicors webpage or upon request. product warranty in vicors standard terms and conditions of sale, vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its standard specifications (the express limited warranty). this warranty is extended only to the original buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment and is not transferable. unless otherwise expressly stated in a written sales agreement signed by a duly authorized vicor signatory, vicor disclaims all representations, liabilities, and warranties of any kind (whether arising by implication or by operation of law) with respect to the products, including, without limitation, any warranties or representations as to merchantability, fitness for particular purpose, infringement of any patent, copyright, or other intellectual property right, or any other matter. this warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. buyers are responsible for their products and applications using vicor products and components. prior to using or distributing any products that include vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. for service under this warranty, the buyer must contact vicor to obtain a return material authorization (rma) number and shipping instructions. products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. the buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. life support policy vicors products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express prior written approval of the chief executive officer and general counsel of vicor corporation. as used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. per vicor terms and conditions of sale, the user of vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies vicor against all liability and damages. intellectual property notice vicor and its subsidiaries own intellectual property (including issued u.s. and foreign patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. no license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. interested parties should contact vicor's intellectual property department. the products described on this data sheet are protected by the following u.s. patents numbers: re40,072; 7,561,446; 7,920,391; 7,782,639; 8,966,747; 8,427,269; 6,421,262 and other patents pending. vicor corporation 25 frontage road andover, ma, usa 01810 tel: 800-735-6200 fax: 978-475-6715 email customer service: custserv@vicorpower.com technical support: apps@vicorpower.com dcm3414x50m31c2yzz dcm ? in a via package rev 1.6 vicorpower.com page 22 of 22 07/2017 800 927.9474

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